Artificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science focused on creating systems capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence. These tasks include learning from experience, understanding natural language, recognizing patterns, solving problems, and making decisions. AI systems can be divided into two main types:

1. Narrow AI: Also known as weak AI, this type is designed to perform a specific task or a set of tasks within a limited domain. Examples include virtual assistants like Siri or Alexa, recommendation algorithms on streaming services, and image recognition software.

2. General AI: Also referred to as strong AI or artificial general intelligence (AGI), this type aims to replicate human cognitive abilities across a wide range of tasks. General AI systems would possess the ability to understand, learn, and apply knowledge in different contexts, similar to a human being. This level of AI is still largely theoretical and remains a goal for future research.

AI technologies rely on various techniques, including:

• Machine Learning: A subset of AI where systems learn from data to improve their performance over time without being explicitly programmed. This includes supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning.
• Deep Learning: A specialized form of machine learning that uses neural networks with many layers (deep neural networks) to model complex patterns in data. This approach has led to significant advances in image and speech recognition
• Natural Language Processing (NLP): A field within AI focused on enabling machines to understand, interpret, and generate human language. Applications include language translation, sentiment analysis, and chatbots.
• Computer Vision: An area of AI that enables machines to interpret and understand visual information from the world, such as images and videos. Applications include facial recognition, object detection, and autonomous driving.